1. MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN RESOURCES
DEVELOPMENT
Mangers
perform various functions, but one of the most important and least understood aspects
of their job is proper utilization of people. Research reveals that worker
performance is closely related to motivation; thus keeping employees motivated
is an essential component of good management in a business context, motivation
refers to the stimulus that direct the behavior of workers toward the company
goals. In order to motivated workers to achieve company goals, managers must
beware of their needs.Many managers believe workers will
be motivated to achieve organizational goals by satisfying their fundamental
needs for material survival. These needs include a good salary, safe working
conditions and job security. While absence of these factors results in poor
morale and dissatisfaction, studies have shown that their presence result only
in maintenance of existing attitudes and work performance. Although important,
salary, working conditions, and job security do not provide the primary
motivation for many workers in highly industrialized societies, especially at
the professional or technical levels.Increased motivation is more likely to
occur when work meets the needs of individuals for learning, self-realization,
and personal growth. By responding to personal needs-the desire for
responsibility, recognition, growth, promotion, and more interesting
work-managers have altered conditions in the workplace and, consequently, many
employees are motivated to perform more effectively.
In an attempt to appeal to both the fundamental and personal needs of workers, innovative management approaches, such as job enrichment and job enlargement, have been adopted in many organizations. Job enrichment gives workers more authority in making decisions related to planning and doing their work. A worker might assume responsibility for scheduling work flow, checking quality of work produced, or making sure deadlines are met. Job enlargement increases the number of tasks workers perform by allowing them to rotate positions or by giving them responsibility for doing several jobs. Rather than assembling just one component of an automobile, factory workers might be grouped together and given responsibility for assembling the entire fuel system.By improving the quality of work life through satisfaction of fundamental and personal employee needs, managers attempt to direct the behavior of workers toward the company goals
In an attempt to appeal to both the fundamental and personal needs of workers, innovative management approaches, such as job enrichment and job enlargement, have been adopted in many organizations. Job enrichment gives workers more authority in making decisions related to planning and doing their work. A worker might assume responsibility for scheduling work flow, checking quality of work produced, or making sure deadlines are met. Job enlargement increases the number of tasks workers perform by allowing them to rotate positions or by giving them responsibility for doing several jobs. Rather than assembling just one component of an automobile, factory workers might be grouped together and given responsibility for assembling the entire fuel system.By improving the quality of work life through satisfaction of fundamental and personal employee needs, managers attempt to direct the behavior of workers toward the company goals
.
Primary : primer
Desire : keinginan
Responsibility : jawab
Recognition : pengakuan
Growth : pertumbuhan
Promotion : promosi
Enrichment : pengayaan
Might :
mungkin
Automobile : mobil
Satisfaction : Kepuasan
